不同于物理共混增韌，馬來酸酐接枝物兼具極性基團(tuán)醛基和烯烴非極性鏈段，能夠通過與聚合物、填料之間的化學(xué)鍵合，很好地實(shí)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)度和韌性的結(jié)合，具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。
Different from physical blending toughening, maleic anhydride graft copolymer has both polar group aldehyde group and olefin non-polar chain segment. It can achieve the combination of strength and toughness through chemical bonding with polymer and filler, and has broad application prospects.
概述
summary
馬來酸酐接枝物是一種以馬來酸酐為單體，在合適的溫度條件下與其他材料進(jìn)行接枝而得到的聚合物。通常，接枝方法主要有溶液法、熔融法、輻射法和固相法等。其中，熔融法是非常常用也是非常重要的方法。
Maleic anhydride graft copolymer is a kind of polymer which is obtained by grafting maleic anhydride as monomer with other materials under appropriate temperature conditions. Generally, grafting methods mainly include solution method, melting method, radiation method and solid phase method. Among them, melting is a very common and important method.
由于兼具馬來酸酐提供的極性基團(tuán)醛基和烯烴非極性鏈段，馬來酸酐接枝物可被廣泛應(yīng)用于PA、PP和PE等材料的改性，電線電纜母料，木塑行業(yè)，包膠TPE以及熱熔膠等行業(yè)，主要起偶聯(lián)相容的作用。
Because it has both the polar group aldehyde group and the olefin non-polar chain segment provided by maleic anhydride, maleic anhydride graft copolymer can be widely used in the modification of PA, PP, PE and other materials, wire and cable masterbatch, wood plastic industry, rubber coated TPE, hot melt adhesive and other industries, mainly playing the role of coupling and compatibility.
作用原理
Principle of action
在馬來酸酐接枝物中，酸酐基團(tuán)在高溫和螺桿剪切的作用下，能夠與極性基團(tuán)（-NH2、-OH）發(fā)生廣義的脫水反應(yīng)并形成化學(xué)鍵，從而將不相容的極性和非極性物質(zhì)進(jìn)行化學(xué)偶聯(lián)。
In the maleic anhydride graft copolymer, under the action of high temperature and screw shearing, the anhydride group can undergo a generalized dehydration reaction with polar groups (- NH2, - OH) and form chemical bonds, so that incompatible polar and non-polar substances can be chemically coupled.
以馬來酸酐接枝物增韌PA為例。PA具有優(yōu)異的力學(xué)性能，但低溫下的韌性差，而烯烴具有良好的加工和低溫韌性。然而，由于PA屬于極性聚合物，烯烴屬于非 極性聚合物，兩者之間很難相容。此時(shí)，若采用馬來酸酐接枝物，則能很好地實(shí)現(xiàn)兩者的結(jié)合。在用于其他用途時(shí)，馬來酸酐接枝物的作用 原理也類似。
Take maleic anhydride graft copolymer toughening PA as an example. PA has excellent mechanical properties, but its toughness at low temperature is poor, while olefins have good processing and low-temperature toughness. However, because PA belongs to polar polymer and olefin belongs to non-polar polymer, it is difficult to be compatible between them. At this time, if maleic anhydride graft copolymer is used, the combination of the two can be well realized (the reaction principle is shown in the figure). In other applications, the principle of maleic anhydride graft copolymer is similar.
